2024/12/13 by Jun Lu, Lu, Jun, Sanjib Basu +1
Mathematics · #Advanced Causal Inference Techniques #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Methodology (stat.ME)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.09845
openalex publication_date 2024/12/13 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Enhancing the external validity of trial results is essential for their applicability to real-world populations. However, violations of the positivity assumption can limit both the generalizability and transportability of findings. To address positivity violations in estimating the average treatment effect for a target population, we propose a framework that integrates characterizing the underrepresented group and performing sensitivity analysis for inference in the original target population. Our approach helps identify limitations in trial sampling and improves the robustness of trial findings for real-world populations. We apply this approach to extend findings from phase IV trials of treatments for opioid use disorder to a real-world population based on the 2021 Treatment Episode Data Set.