2025/06/30 by Khadija Batool, Ambreen Ilyas · 1 voice
Medicine · Neuroscience · #Diet and metabolism studies #Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment #Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
paper · pdf · doi:10.70389/pjn.100009
openalex publication_date 2025/06/30 · openalex created_date 2025/07/01 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Background Individuals with type 2 diabetes are more likely to experience modest types of cognitive dysfunction, dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and cognitive impairment. According to current diabetes recommendations, people with diabetes and cognitive impairment should get diabetes management advice, and groups at high risk should be screened for cognitive impairment. However, there is currently no cure for the condition, and significant uncertainties surround the processes producing cognitive deterioration linked to diabetes. For milder and more severe types of diabetes-related cognitive impairment, these pathways are probably complex and distinct. Objective To explore the significant association of AD (cognitive dysfunction) with diabetes mellitus and to investigate abnormal blood occurrences in AD patients compared to healthy individuals. Methods Novel biomarkers of certain dementia etiologies, brain parenchymal damage, and cerebral blood flow and metabolism have been discovered in recent years as a result of research on dementia, brain aging, diabetes, and vascular disease. These indicators provide insight into the mechanisms behind cognitive impairment linked to diabetes, have obvious uses in ongoing studies and, more and more, in clinical diagnosis, and may eventually direct focused therapy. The Lahore District will be used to collect random samples of AD patients and healthy people in order to look for abnormal blood occurrences. Case-control training was conducted to observe the widespread occurrence of irregular blood HbA1c levels in patients with AD. The stages of Hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, thrombocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PVC (HCT), and HbA1c, were determined from the DHQ Teaching Hospital Lahore lab. Results A t-test was applied to get the importance of the difference between individual patient assemblages (Alzheimer’s disease, AD) through the control category for individual CBC, HbA1c, and then vitamin B12 boundary. A total number of 500 persons were involved in this learning. The mean time of life of the patients is 60 years, ranging from 25 to 94, in which the minimum age of patients is 44 and the maximum age is 90. Patients are more likely to be female (69%) than male (31%). Every patient group’s average scores for each variable were below the acceptable range. T-test results show substantial differences (p-value 0.0001) in each variable for the control group vs. AD patients. Conclusion The study emphasized the significant association of cognitive dysfunction, AD, and diabetic mellitus. The substantial differences observed in CBC parameters, HbA1c, and vitamin B12 levels between AD patients and healthy controls indicate a potential link between metabolic and hematological alterations and cognitive decline. The statistically significant p-value (0.0001) across all variables supports the hypothesis that abnormal blood profiles, particularly elevated HbA1c levels and altered hematological indices, may contribute to or reflect the underlying pathophysiological processes of AD in diabetic individuals. These findings highlight the importance of regular metabolic and hematological screening in elderly diabetic populations for early detection and intervention in cognitive impairment. The predominance of female patients (69%) also suggests a possible gender-based vulnerability that warrants further investigation.