2024/10/03 by Enrico Garaldi, Verena Bellscheidt, Garaldi, Enrico +5 · 1 voice · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
paper · pdf · doi:10.33232/001c.143245
openalex publication_date 2025/08/13 · openalex created_date 2025/08/17 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The relation between the Lyman- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> effective optical depth of quasar sightlines ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) and the distribution of galaxies around them is an emerging probe of the connection between the first collapsed structures and the IGM properties at the tail end of cosmic reionization. We employ the THESAN simulations to demonstrate that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">o</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is most sensitive to galaxies at a redshift-dependent distance, reflecting the growth of ionized regions around sources of photons and in agreement with studies of the galaxy–Lyman- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> cross correlation. This is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>15</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="0.167em"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mspace width="0.167em"/> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">M</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at the tail end of reionization. The flagship THESAN run struggles to reproduce the most opaque sightlines as well as those with large galaxy densities, likely as a consequence of its limited volume. We identify a promising region of parameter space to probe with future observations in order to distinguish both the timing and sources of reionization. We present an investigation of the IGM physical conditions around opaque and transparent spectra, revealing that they probe regions that reionized inside-out and outside-in, respectively, and demonstrate that, for the range of optical depths probed by our simulation, residual neutral islands at the end of reionization are not required to produce highly opaque sightlines although they facilitate the task. Finally, we investigate the sensitivity of the aforementioned results to the nature of ionizing sources and dark matter.