2025/12/29 by Lotte Notelaers, Mohammad Ali Arman, Pieter Vansteenwegen +1 · 1 voice
Engineering · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Human-Automation Interaction and Safety #Transportation and Mobility Innovations #Urban Transport and Accessibility
paper · pdf · doi:10.1186/s12544-025-00756-3
openalex created_date 2025/12/29 · openalex publication_date 2025/12/29 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Abstract Since regulation will be essential to steer the implementation of vehicle automation in a sustainable direction and automated vehicle services are now being commercially rolled out, urgency increases for governments to gain knowledge of potential user profiles, and insights into mode choice behavior that could guide policy-making. For this purpose, this study conducted an online stated choice survey in Flanders, Belgium, collecting a sample of 645 completed questionnaires. Respondents choose between their current mode of transport and a new hypothetical service with stop-based pooled automated vehicles (AVs) that would operate on-demand and pick-up and drop-off travelers at designated stops for trips they did for work or school, leisure activities and doing groceries. Discrete choice models with different nesting structures were estimated and compared. The results show that for work/school and leisure trips, the stop-based pooled AV service is perceived most resembling to the bus, but also shares substantial similarities with the car, whereas for grocery trips the resemblance is predominantly with bus with little association to the car. Interestingly, accessing the pick-up point and waiting for the pooled AVs is more acceptable than for the bus. Further, the value of travel time of stop-based pooled AV service appears to be less than half of the private car, and almost twice as large as for the bus, across all three different trip purposes: work/school, leisure and groceries.