2024/02/22 by Wenyu Chen, Shiyuan Liu, Jinlong Zhu · 1 voice
Computer Science · Engineering · #Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing #Photonic and Optical Devices #Optical Network Technologies
paper · pdf · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/ad2c60
openalex publication_date 2024/02/22 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Abstract Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields, such as neuromorphic photonics, optical communications, and quantum information. In this paper, we propose pixelated programmable Si 3 N 4 PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength. Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb 2 S 3 matrix, the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2 μ m, limited only by the optical diffraction limit of an in-house developed pulsed laser writing system. We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level (20 levels and even more) programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials, which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics, biosensing, optical computing, photonic quantum computing, and reconfigurable metasurfaces.