2026/01/01 by Anqi Lin, Qiliang Huang, Jian Zhang +1 · 1 voice
Medicine · #Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers #Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies #Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
paper · pdf · doi:10.15212/bioi-2025-0169
openalex publication_date 2026/01/01 · openalex created_date 2026/01/09 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved remarkable efficacy in treating malignancies but may simultaneously induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs), among which ICI-related digestive system adverse events (ir-DSAEs) occur with relatively high frequency and present severe clinical manifestations. This review systematically examined ir-DSAEs, including clinical presentations, pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies. It has been reported that ir-DSAEs primarily include colitis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis with underlying mechanisms involving T cell-mediated inflammatory responses, cytokine storm, activation of autoimmune reactions, and alterations in gut microbiota. The diagnosis of ir-DSAEs requires integration of multiple approaches. Standardized therapeutic strategies include treatment regimen adjustments, corticosteroid administration, use of selective immunosuppressants, and comprehensive supportive care. An in-depth understanding of ir-DSAEs has significant clinical implications for enhancing the safety and efficacy of ICI therapy, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for future precise prediction, prevention, and treatment of ir-DSAEs.