2026/04/22 by Pedro dElia Machado Silva, Stephanie Jauquin de Abreu, Alini Vargas +1 · 1 voice
Medicine · #Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation #Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies #Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
paper · pdf · doi:10.46765/2675-374x.2025v7n1e322
openalex publication_date 2026/04/22 · openalex created_date 2026/04/23 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/26
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) may remain clinically and radiologically active despite sequential exposure to high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies. In carefully selected patients with highly active inflammatory RRMS, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has demonstrated superior inflammatory control and durable rates of no evidence of disease activity, with low treatment-related mortality rates in experienced centers. AHSCT promotes immune renewal through high-dose immunoablation followed by autologous stem cell rescue, aiming to restore immune tolerance. Here, we describe a structured institutional standard-of-care protocol for AHSCT in RRMS, developed to support safe referrals and harmonize neurology-hematology collaboration within a Brazilian tertiary center. By consolidating a transparent and safety-focused care pathway aligned with national and international guidance, this manuscript aims to facilitate standardized patient selection, optimize risk mitigation, and strengthen multidisciplinary communication between referring neurologists and transplant teams.