2026/01/01 by Dahlia M. A. Hasan, Rusul Hamd Sami, Doaa Abdullah Salman +8 · 1 voice
Medicine · Materials Science · #Ocular Infections and Treatments #Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications #Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
paper · doi:10.1515/ntrev-2025-0260
openalex publication_date 2026/01/01 · openalex created_date 2026/06/14 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/21
Abstract Antibiotic resistance presents a major public health challenge, especially for treating eye infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of amikacin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Am@AuNPs) against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a live ocular infection model using BALB/c mice. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized using an eco-friendly pulsed laser ablation method. The antibacterial activity of Am@AuNPs was assessed, and various analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, TEM, and UV–vis spectroscopy, were employed for characterization. Histological investigations were conducted to evaluate tissue healing and immune response. In silico simulations were achieved to assess the antibacterial possible of amikacin, Au NPs, and Am@AuNPs against P . aeruginosa and S . pneumoniae . Am@AuNPs demonstrated potent in vivo antibacterial activity, resulting in significant healing of ocular tissue. Animals treated with the nanoparticles exhibited normal tissue structure, elevated cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-12), and histopathological examinations indicated reduced inflammation and intact ocular structure. The results showed that Am@AuNPs had the highest binding affinity, with binding energies of −3.81 kcal/mol and −1.06 kcal/mol against P. aeruginosa (PDB ID: 2J8N) and S. pneumoniae (PDB ID: 5YLN), respectively. Am@AuNPs exhibited stronger inhibitory binding, particularly against P. aeruginosa (−2.53 kcal/mol), due to increased binding to metal receptor sites and hydrogen bonds. These results imply that gold doping may growth amikacin’s antibacterial efficiency, chiefly in contradiction of P. aeruginosa . These results suggest that Am@AuNPs could be a real therapeutic technique for treating microbial infections in eye tissues, as well as importance their possible for future clinical requests in the fight against antibiotic resistance.