2026/06/16 by Christian Caglevic, Mario Alex Contreras-Torrez, Felipe Reyes-Cosmelli +7 · 1 voice
Medicine · #Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies #Liver Diseases and Immunity #Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments
paper · doi:10.3390/antib15030049
openalex publication_date 2026/06/16 · openalex created_date 2026/06/17 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/27
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive tumor that, together with the cholangiocarcinomas, constitutes the spectrum of biliary tract cancer (BTC). These tumors are characterized by a frequently late diagnosis, marked genomic heterogeneity, variable response to cytotoxic therapies, and poor overall survival in advanced stages. Nevertheless, the characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the identification of actionable molecular targets have driven the development of biological therapies. This review summarizes current and emerging evidence on monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the management of GBC. The analysis addresses the early exploration of autoantibodies as potential diagnostic biomarkers, mechanistic hypotheses of immune evasion, and the clinical translation of targeted agents in the metastatic setting. Additionally, we critically discuss the extrapolation of data from global BTC trials to the specific GBC setting, the integration of population genetics into epidemiological studies such as the EULAT Eradicate GBC initiative, and the preliminary status of immunotherapy in perioperative scenarios.