A Mathematical Theory of Communication
1948/07/01 by C. E. Shannon, Claude E. Shannon · 96 citations
Computer Science · Engineering · #Blind Source Separation Techniques #graph theory and CDMA systems
paper · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
crossref issued 1948/07/01 · crossref published 1948/07/01 · crossref published-print 1948/07/01 · openalex publication_date 1948/07/01 · crossref published-online 2013/07/29 · crossref created 2013/07/29 · crossref deposited 2020/10/14 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/08/02 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract
The recent development of various methods of modulation such as PCM and PPM which exchange bandwidth for signal-to-noise ratio has intensified the interest in a general theory of communication. A basis for such a theory is contained in the important papers of Nyquist1and Hartley2on this subject. In the present paper we will extend the theory to include a number of new factors, in particular the effect of noise in the channel, and the savings possible due to the statistical structure of the original message and due to the nature of the final destination of the information.
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