2023/09/30 by Mingjie Shen, Akul Pillai, Shen, Mingjie +7
Computer Science · #Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Information and Cyber Security #Security and Verification in Computing #Software Engineering (cs.SE) #Software Reliability and Analysis Research
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.00205
openalex publication_date 2023/09/30 · openalex created_date 2023/10/04 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In this experience paper, we report on a large-scale empirical study of Static Application Security Testing (SAST) in Open-Source Embedded Software (EMBOSS) repositories. We collected a corpus of 258 of the most popular EMBOSS projects, and then measured their use of SAST tools via program analysis and a survey (N=25) of their developers. Advanced SAST tools are rarely used -- only 3% of projects go beyond trivial compiler analyses. Developers cited the perception of ineffectiveness and false positives as reasons for limited adoption. Motivated by this deficit, we applied the state-of-the-art (SOTA) CodeQL SAST tool and measured its ease of use and actual effectiveness. Across the 258 projects, CodeQL reported 709 true defects with a false positive rate of 34%. There were 535 (75%) likely security vulnerabilities, including in major projects maintained by Microsoft, Amazon, and the Apache Foundation. EMBOSS engineers have confirmed 376 (53%) of these defects, mainly by accepting our pull requests. Two CVEs were issued. Based on these results, we proposed pull requests to include our workflows as part of EMBOSS Continuous Integration (CI) pipelines, 37 (71% of active repositories) of these are already merged. In summary, we urge EMBOSS engineers to adopt the current generation of SAST tools, which offer low false positive rates and are effective at finding security-relevant defects.