2025/12/01 by Rebecca Kerr · 1 voice
Mathematics · Social Sciences · Health Professions · #Advanced Causal Inference Techniques #Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research #Health Policy Implementation Science
paper · doi:10.1177/16094069251394109
openalex publication_date 2025/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/12/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/05/21
Creative, community-based methods are recognised for their ability to challenge top-down approaches and uncover alternative policy solutions. Despite their value, such methods often face criticism for lacking rigour. This paper addresses this concern by integrating participatory research with Bayesian Causal Process Tracing (CPT) to enhance methodological robustness, triangulate findings and provide actionable policy insights. Using a case study on female entrepreneurs in North Yorkshire, England, we adopt a multi-stage approach—combining interviews, focus groups, and problem trees—to identify key challenges female entrepreneurs face. Bayesian CPT is applied, a method that systematically traces causal mechanisms through diverse evidence sources. By moving beyond descriptive analysis, CPT weighs evidence, compares hypotheses, and strengthens causal inferences. Rather than simply identifying correlations, CPT reveals how and why a hypothesis affects an outcome by revealing the underlying mechanisms that shape causal relationships. In offering an empirical example, the logarithmic scale in Bayesian CPT (Fairfield & Charman, 2022) estimates the “loudness” of evidence. This provides a structured, interpretable way to assess causal strength. This approach offers a powerful tool for balancing community-driven insights with empirical rigour, strengthening the link between research and practical policy solutions. Beyond policymaking, triangulation and validation of participatory research, future research should look to incorporate and maximise the potential of Bayesian CPT, which is yet empirically underutilised.