2025/12/22 by In Sokra, Meta, Horn,, Chey Socheata +1 · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #CRISPR and Genetic Engineering #Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology #Transgenic Plants and Applications
paper · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18013002
openalex publication_date 2025/12/22 · openalex created_date 2025/12/23 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/01
Plasmid vectors are foundational tools in gene editing and genetic engineering, enabling targeted genome modification, heterologous gene expression, and metabolic pathway optimization across diverse biological systems. Over recent decades, rapid advances in molecular biology and synthetic biotechnology have driven the evolution of plasmid vector design toward greater efficiency, precision, and host specificity. The emergence of CRISPR–Cas systems, recombineering approaches, and programmable base and prime editors has further intensified the demand for robust plasmid platforms capable of supporting complex genetic architectures. This review provides a comparative analysis of plasmid vectors commonly employed in gene editing and genetic engineering, with emphasis on structural components, copy number control, host range, expression regulation, and editing performance. Classical cloning plasmids, broad-host-range vectors, shuttle plasmids, and CRISPR-compatible plasmids are critically evaluated across microbial, plant, and eukaryotic systems. Particular attention is given to the trade-offs between vector stability and expression strength, as well as biosafety and regulatory considerations. Drawing upon recent studies in microbial metabolic engineering, agricultural biotechnology, and industrial fermentation, this review highlights emerging trends in plasmid vector optimization and identifies key challenges limiting their broader application. The synthesis presented here aims to guide rational vector selection and inform future plasmid engineering strategies for advanced genome editing applications.