2026/02/19 by Anosha Altaf · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise #Genetics and Physical Performance #Sports Performance and Training
paper · doi:10.70389/pjs.100265
openalex publication_date 2026/02/19 · openalex created_date 2026/03/01 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/14
The presented narrative literature review analyzes the interaction between genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors (training and nutrition) to define athletic performance and risk of injury. Genetic endurance, power, strength and risk of injury, was reviewed in a variety of sports including football, rugby and soccer. Significant genetic polymorphisms were found, such as ACTN3 rs1815739, ACE I/D and VEGFA rs699947, which influence the outcome of the performance and risk of injury. Also the significance of the genetic and environmental interaction, particularly in reaction to nutritional supplementation like iron and caffeine, was highlighted and personal training and nutritional habits were mentioned as crucial in realising the best in athletic performance. Despite high levels of correlation between the genetic factors and the athletic performance, it was apparent that elite performance is a complicated confluence of genetic predisposition and the environment which underscores the importance of treating individuals uniquely as far as training and injury prevention are concerned. The review will require more research in the enhancement of genetic testing technologies and translating them into practice in the field of sports science.