2026/03/17 by Rifsha Rabbani, Adeela Ismail, Haq Nawaz +14
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Materials Science · Medicine · #Cancer Research and Treatment #Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications #Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
paper · doi:10.1080/00032719.2026.2645221
crossref issued 2026/03/17 · crossref published 2026/03/17 · crossref published-online 2026/03/17 · openalex publication_date 2026/03/17 · crossref created 2026/03/18 · openalex created_date 2026/03/20 · crossref deposited 2026/07/29 · crossref indexed 2026/07/29 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30 · crossref published-print 2026/11/02
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with approximately 150,000 new cases every year. The incidence of DLBCL is increasing in adults, and many people relapse or die after getting treatment. The early diagnosis of DLBCL can overcome the mortality rate across the world. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy can be effectively utilized to characterize biomolecular changes in DLBCL serum samples at the early stage. In the present study, blood serum samples collected from healthy and DLBCL patients were incubated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) to enhance their Raman signals and identify disease-related biochemical changes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to analyze SERS spectral data of these samples. PCA converted the correlated data into uncorrelated data and visualized them as clusters. PLS-DA was used to differentiate and discriminate SERS spectral data sets. The results highlight spectral features related to DNA/RNA, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids that differentiate healthy and disease samples. The performance of PLS-DA was illustrated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98, 100% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 99% accuracy. It has been noted that SERS, combined with different chemometric techniques, yields valid results for the noninvasive and rapid detection of DLBCL.