2026/07/01 by Kirk Hohsfield, Fran Dong, Kathleen Waugh +7 · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Diabetes and associated disorders #Genetic Associations and Epidemiology #Pancreatic function and diabetes
paper · doi:10.2337/dc26-0659
openalex publication_date 2026/07/01 · openalex created_date 2026/07/02 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
OBJECTIVE: We investigated islet autoimmunity (IA) incidence trends among Colorado children born 1993-2010 in Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) and The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) and whether HLA genotype or early-life environmental exposures contributed to observed increases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed the risk of IA among 2,734 Colorado children representing three birth cohorts (BCs): BC1 (1993-1998), BC2 (1999-August 2004), and BC3 (September 2004-2010). Cox models evaluated IA by BC, with time-varying coefficients, BC-HLA interaction, and stratification by type 1 diabetes family history. Mediation analyses examined age at gluten introduction, weight-for-age Z-score, and maternal smoking. RESULTS: IA increased across BC1-BC3 (7.0%, 10.7%, and 12.7%). At age 1, moderate-risk HLA participants in BC2 and BC3 had, respectively, 2.57 and 6.19 times the IA risk of BC1. By age 5, effects attenuated. No selected environmental exposures mediated the increased incidence. CONCLUSIONS: IA increased among Colorado children born 1993-2010, with the strongest effects among moderate-risk HLA genotypes in later BCs.