State of the art and practice in AI in education

2022/10/30 by W. Holmes, Ilkka Tuomi · 1 voice · 11 citations
Computer Science · #Online Learning and Analytics #Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning #Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/ejed.12533

openalex publication_date 2022/10/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31

Abstract

Abstract Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have generated great expectations for the future impact of AI in education and learning (AIED). Often these expectations have been based on misunderstanding current technical possibilities, lack of knowledge about state‐of‐the‐art AI in education, and exceedingly narrow views on the functions of education in society. In this article, we provide a review of existing AI systems in education and their pedagogic and educational assumptions. We develop a typology of AIED systems and describe different ways of using AI in education and learning, show how these are grounded in different interpretations of what AI and education is or could be, and discuss some potential roadblocks on the AIED highway.

Citations

• Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructivist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experiential, and Inquiry-Based Teaching
• Effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems
• I.—COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE
• The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain.
• The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems
• The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring
• AI4People—An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations
• Habitual use of GPS negatively impacts spatial memory during self-guided navigation
• Neuro-Symbolic AI: An Emerging Class of AI Workloads and their Characterization
• Aion Framework: Dimensional Emergence of AI Consciousness, Observer-Induced Collapse, and Cosmological Portal Dynamics
• Artificial intelligence, 21st century competences, and socio‐emotional learning in education: More than high‐risk?

Cited by

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• La inteligencia artificial explicable y su papel clave en la educación
• Use of Digital Technologies in the Process of Teaching Art Education to Students: A Mixed Methods Study
• Testing ChatGPT in International Relations Classrooms: Potentialities, Limitations, and What’s Next
• NiceWebRL: a Python library for human subject experiments with reinforcement learning environments
• NLP Methods May Actually Be Better Than Professors at Estimating Question Difficulty
• Can the current trends of AI handle a full course of mathematics?
• Beyond Text: Probing K-12 Educators' Perspectives and Ideas for Learning Opportunities Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Models
• Teacher agency and generative artificial intelligence: teaching in higher education as a responsive, cultural activity
• How to Imagine Educational AI : The Filling of a Pail or the Lighting of a Fire?
• AI-driven chatbots in second language education: A systematic review of their efficacy and pedagogical implications

Discussions

• Expectations about AI in education are often based on misunderstandings about current technical possibilities, very weak evidence, and "exceedingly narrow views on the functions of education in societ [bsky, 1 points, 1 comments]

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