2025/02/21 by Charles Powell, Peter Haynes, Alison Ming +1 · 1 voice
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Environmental Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Atmospheric Ozone and Climate #Climate variability and models #Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
paper · pdf · doi:10.1002/wea.7689
openalex publication_date 2025/02/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
Abstract Deep convection overshooting the tropical tropopause offers the potential for significant transport of moisture into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) by avoiding the cold‐point temperature constraint on water vapour concentration. As vertical transport through the TTL largely sets global stratospheric composition, convective hydration is an important but debated pathway. In this review, we discuss evidence of convective hydration of the TTL and its mechanism, highlighting recent advances in understanding. We summarise recent estimates for the contribution of convective hydration to the stratospheric water vapour budget and highlight open questions that may be addressed in future research.