2024/06/12 by Anne-Claire Binter, Akhgar Ghassabian, Runyu Zou +15 · 1 voice
Environmental Science · Medicine · #Air Quality and Health Impacts #Climate Change and Health Impacts #Vitamin D Research Studies
paper · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae395
openalex publication_date 2024/06/12 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
CONTEXT: Maternal vitamin D level is an important determinant of pregnancy and child health outcomes. Exposure to air pollution is suspected to increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency, but the evidence is scarce. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between air pollution during pregnancy and maternal vitamin D levels. METHODS: A total of 15 935 pregnant women from 5 birth cohorts in Europe and the United States were included. Averaged concentrations of nitrogen oxides, fine and coarse particles, and composition of fine particles from conception until vitamin D measurement were estimated at participants' residential addresses using land-use regression or other spatiotemporal models. Cohorts measured vitamin D as 25(OH)D or 25(OH)D3 levels in serum or plasma at early or mid-pregnancy. We defined suboptimal vitamin D levels as levels below 20 ng/mL. We performed logistic regression models for each cohort to estimate the association between air pollution exposure and suboptimal vitamin D levels and pooled cohort-specific estimates in a random-effect meta-analysis. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and month of conception. RESULTS: We found an association between particulate matter (PM)2.5 and higher odds of suboptimal vitamin D levels (ie, below 20 ng/mL) (odds ratio per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.99). There was no association between other air pollutant exposure and vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION: PM2.5 exposure might contribute to suboptimal levels of vitamin D in pregnancy. Reducing air pollution exposure should be a priority because vitamin D deficiency may adversely influence offspring development.