2025/11/06 by Alžběta Turnovská, Tomáš Etrych · 1 voice
Engineering · Medicine · Materials Science · #Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics #Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies #Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
paper · doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100439
openalex publication_date 2025/11/06 · openalex created_date 2025/11/06 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely studied and complex method useful as a minimally invasive cancer treatment strategy, relying on photosensitizers (PSs), light, and oxygen to induce cytotoxicity. Indeed, the controlled delivery of conventional PSs is the key factor in achieving effective treatment outcome. Among many drug delivery systems, the polymeric micelles represent a promising platform to address the solubility, stability, and delivery challenges associated with PSs. The design of micelles, constructed from hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric blocks in diverse structures, enables precise tailoring of carrier properties to optimize PS delivery. This paper focuses on the potential applications and limitations of polymer micelles for the controlled delivery of PSs in the field anticancer therapy. Various methods of synthesis, incorporation of PSs as well as their release and activation are described in detail. The effect of micellar system employment on circulation time, off-target effects, and both passive and active targeting are thoroughly depicted. Despite the clinical promise, the limitations of PDT including shallow tissue penetration and restricted applicability to superficial or endoscope-accessible tumors are discussed, as well as the future prospects consisting in red-shifted or two-photon absorption systems. • Provides in-depth overview of polymer micelles used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). • Summarizes commonly used materials and structures relevant to carrier design. • Discusses both physical encapsulation and chemical conjugation of photosensitizer. • Explores various external/internal stimuli for controlled release. • Highlights advantages, future challenges and directions for micelles in PDT.