2012/02/29 by Z Abdool, Zeelha Abdool, Abdul H. Sultan +3
Medicine · #Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes #Diverticular Disease and Complications #Pelvic floor disorders treatments
paper · doi:10.1259/bjr/27314678
openalex publication_date 2012/02/29 · crossref created 2012/02/29 · crossref issued 2012/07/01 · crossref published 2012/07/01 · crossref published-print 2012/07/01 · crossref deposited 2024/01/12 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23 · crossref indexed 2026/07/31
Endoanal ultrasound is now regarded as the gold standard for evaluating anal sphincter pathology in the investigation of anal incontinence. The advent of three-dimensional ultrasound has further improved our understanding of the two-dimensional technique. Endoanal ultrasound requires specialised equipment and its relative invasiveness has prompted clinicians to explore alternative imaging techniques. Transvaginal and transperineal ultrasound have been recently evaluated as alternative imaging modalities. However, the need for technique standardisation, validation and reporting is of paramount importance. We conducted a MEDLINE search (1950 to February 2010) and critically reviewed studies using the three imaging techniques in evaluating anal sphincter integrity.