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From TOPLEV to ALCHEMY: the evolution of one FBI approach to addressing foreign influence

2025/02/20 by Darren E. Tromblay · 1 voice
Social Sciences · #Intelligence, Security, War Strategy

paper · doi:10.1080/02684527.2025.2466266

openalex publication_date 2025/02/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/15

Abstract

The FBI, as the United States’ primary counterintelligence service has had to adapt to changes in how adversaries operate. Lessons learned from targeting the Soviet Union and its proxy, the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA), informed one aspect of the FBI’s engagement of the threat from the People’s Republic of China (PRC). There is a direct line between tactics developed against the CPUSA, in the early 1950s, and efforts, fully formed by the mid-1960s infiltrate the PRC threat. By the late 1960s, the FBI had established apparatuses to control Soviet and Chinese influence on U.S. constituencies.

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