2023/12/26 by Dilip Kumar Ghosh, Ghosh, Dilip Kumar, Purusottam Ghosh +5
Physics and Astronomy · #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2312.16304
openalex publication_date 2023/12/26 · openalex created_date 2023/12/30 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The current upper limit on N\rm eff at the time of CMB by Planck 2018 can place stringent constraints in the parameter space of BSM paradigms where their additional interactions may affect neutrino decoupling. Motivated by this fact in this paper we explore the consequences of light gauge boson (Z') emerging from local U(1)X symmetry in N\rm eff at the time of CMB. First, we analyze the generic U(1)X models with arbitrary charge assignments for the SM fermions and show that, in the context of N\rm eff the generic U(1)X gauged models can be broadly classified into two categories, depending on the charge assignments of first generation leptons. We then perform a detailed analysis with two specific U(1)X models: U(1)B3-3Le and U(1)B3-3Lμ and explore the contribution in N\rm eff due to the presence of Z' realized in those models. For comparison, we also showcase the constraints from low energy experiments like: Borexino, Xenon 1T, neutrino trident, etc. We show that in a specific parameter space, particularly in the low mass region of Z', the bound from N\rm eff (Planck 2018) is more stringent than the experimental constraints. Additionally, a part of the regions of the same parameter space may also relax the H0 tension.