2025/11/19 by Yuxin Xia, Roshni Satheesh Babu, Sujaya Kumar Vishwanath +1 · 1 voice
Engineering · Materials Science · #2D Materials and Applications #Advanced Memory and Neural Computing #Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
paper · doi:10.1088/2634-4386/ae2156
openalex publication_date 2025/11/19 · openalex created_date 2025/11/20 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/02
Abstract The human visual system can effectively sense optical information through the retina and process it at the visual cortex. Compared with conventional machine vision, it demonstrates superiority in terms of energy efficiency, adaptability, and accuracy. The retina-inspired machine vision systems can process information near or within the sensors at the front end, thereby compressing the raw sensory data and optimising the input to back-end processor for high-level computing tasks. In recent years, amid surge of interest in artificial intelligence technology, research in retinomorphic devices has achieved breakthroughs in both academic and industrial settings. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of this emerging field -based on several materials classes, such as halide perovskites, two-dimensional materials, organic materials and metal oxides. We discuss the steps taken towards achieving not only static pattern recognition, but also dynamic motion tracking and we identify the key challenges that need to be addressed by the community to push this technology forward.