2025/01/15 by Gro Gujord Tangen, Knut Engedal, Karin Persson +7 · 1 voice
Engineering · Health Professions · Neuroscience · #Older Adults Driving Studies #Spatial Cognition and Navigation #Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
paper · doi:10.1177/13872877241308877
openalex publication_date 2025/01/15 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Background Spatial orientation is required for independent mobility in society. Deficits in spatial orientation can be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and there is a need for brief assessment tools to identify impairments. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct and known-group validity of our newly developed Spatial Orientation Screening (SOS) questionnaire. Methods We included 132 patients with subjective cognitive decline (n = 16), mild cognitive impairment (n = 32), or all-cause dementia (n = 84) from a memory clinic and a reference group of cognitively unimpaired older adults (n = 108). The patients and their next-of-kin answered the self- and proxy-rated versions of the 4-item SOS (0–8 points) and the 10-item Questionnaire of Everyday Navigational Ability (QuENA, 0–30 points). The patients also performed the Floor Maze Test (FMT) for performance-based spatial abilities. Results Mean ages (SD) of the patient and reference groups were 68.6 (±7.6) years and 73.7 (±6.7) years, respectively. Construct validity between self-rated versions of the SOS and QuENA was satisfactory with r s = 0.66, between the proxy-rated versions r s = 0.61, and between the proxy-reported SOS and FMT r s = 0.49 (all p < 0.001). Known-group validity was also acceptable, with significantly higher median (IQR) SOS self-reported scores in patients 1.0 (2.0) compared to the reference group 0.2 (0.5) points, (p < 0.001). Informants reported more severe impairments compared to the patients’ self-reports on both SOS and QuENA (both p < 0.001). Conclusions The SOS had satisfactory validity for use as a screening instrument for assessment of spatial orientation in memory clinic patients.