Standard Normal Variate Transformation and De-Trending of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra

1989/07/01 by Richard Barnes, M.S. Dhanoa, S.J. Lister · 13 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Chemistry · Environmental Science · #Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research #Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses #Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis

paper · doi:10.1366/0003702894202201

openalex publication_date 1989/07/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31

Abstract

Particle size, scatter, and multi-collinearity are long-standing problems encountered in diffuse reflectance spectrometry. Multiplicative combinations of these effects are the major factor inhibiting the interpretation of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectra. Sample particle size accounts for the majority of the variance, while variance due to chemical composition is small. Procedures are presented whereby physical and chemical variance can be separated. Mathematical transformations—standard normal variate (SNV) and de-trending (DT)—applicable to individual NIR diffuse reflectance spectra are presented. The standard normal variate approach effectively removes the multiplicative interferences of scatter and particle size. De-trending accounts for the variation in baseline shift and curvilinearity, generally found in the reflectance spectra of powdered or densely packed samples, with the use of a second-degree polynomial regression. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra transposed by these methods are free from multi-collinearity and are not confused by the complexity of shape encountered with the use of derivative spectroscopy.

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