2026/03/17 by Timothy Piatkowski, Dominique de Andrade, David L. Neumann +1 · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Hormonal and reproductive studies #Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments #Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
paper · doi:10.1080/14659891.2026.2645637
openalex publication_date 2026/03/17 · openalex created_date 2026/03/18 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/15
Objective Emerging research highlights the significant impact of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) on aggression and psychological distress among men. However, there is a lack of information regarding how these effects vary between younger and older men. This study specifically aims to address these age-related differences.Method Participants were recruited between October 2023 and March 2024 via an online survey to investigate the relationship between AAS use, psychological distress, and aggression. Participants completed measures on demographics, AAS use, psychological distress (K-10), and aggression (Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire). Data on 273 male participants were analyzed using hierarchical regression models to assess age-related effects on psychological outcomes.Results Age significantly correlated with lower physical aggression (β = -0.132, p < 0.05), and verbal aggression (β = -0.102, p < 0.01) among AAS consumers. Age did not significantly impact anger (p > .05), hostility (p > .05), or psychological distress (p > .05).Conclusions The findings suggest that younger AAS consumers are at risk of experiencing aggression. However, this risk declines with age. These results highlight the need for age-specific approaches in interventions, acknowledging that older consumers may have different risk profiles compared to younger consumers.