2024/12/09 by Shubhada K. Chothe, Satya Srinivas, Sougat Misra +10 · 2 voices · 6 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Medicine · #Animal Virus Infections Studies #Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments #Influenza Virus Research Studies
paper · pdf · doi:10.1080/22221751.2024.2440498
openalex publication_date 2024/12/09 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
In April 2024, ten cats died in a rural South Dakota (SD) residence, showing respiratory and neurological symptoms. Necropsy and laboratory testing of two cats confirmed H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection. The viral genome sequences are closely related to recent SD cattle H5N1 sequences. Cat H5N1 genomes had unique mutations, including T143A in haemagglutinin, known to affect infectivity and immune evasion, and two novel mutations in PA protein (F314L, L342Q) that may affect polymerase activity and virulence, suggesting potential virus adaptation. Dead cats showed systemic infection with lesions and viral antigens in multiple organs. Higher viral RNA and antigen in the brain indicated pronounced neurotropism. Lectin-histochemistry revealed widespread co-expression of sialic acid α-2,6 and α-2,3 receptors, suggesting cats could serve as mixing vessels for reassortment of avian and mammalian influenza viruses. No differences in clade 2.2 or 2.3.4.4b H5 pseudoviruses binding to cat lung/brain tissues indicated the neurotropism is unlikely mediated by receptor binding affinity.