2023/08/30 by Jessica R. Williams, Sophie Yates, James Connor · 1 voice · 1 citation
Social Sciences · #Gender Diversity and Inequality #Gender Roles and Identity Studies #Gender, Security, and Conflict
paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/gwao.13049
openalex publication_date 2023/08/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Abstract Militaries have consistently struggled to integrate women into the profession of arms despite concerted, decades‐long attempts at reform. We argue that this patchy progress is due in part to a conceptualization of gender as “category”, which has limited power to explain gendered inequalities. We propose that gender as process approaches must also be used to understand the current state of gender relations within militaries. A gender as process approach recognizes the dynamic, enduring, and complex set of gendered practices and systems that affect everyday interactions and social relations. Using this frame, militaries can develop an understanding of how these processes operate—particularly, as a form of resistance to gender equality in these “extremely gendered organizations”—and can develop improved strategies for change. We use the Australian Defence Force as our case study to illustrate how gender as category approaches dominate reform attempts and how the gender as process approach offers new insights on how to promote gender equality in the military.