1995/09/01 by Mark W. LeChevallier, William D. Norton
Immunology and Microbiology · #Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
paper · doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06422.x
crossref issued 1995/09/01 · crossref published 1995/09/01 · crossref published-online 1995/09/01 · crossref published-print 1995/09/01 · openalex publication_date 1995/09/01 · crossref created 2018/02/22 · crossref deposited 2023/09/25 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/07/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/25
The D/DBP Rule and the ESWTR must be orchestrated carefully to ensure protection of public health. The American Water System has conducted extensive monitoring of its operations since 1988. Analysis of 347 surface water samples collected between 1988 and 1993 showed that the prevalence rate of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was 53.9 percent and 60.2 percent, respectively. But because the parasite assay does not indicate viability or virulence, these results do not necessarily indicate that these water systems were at risk from waterborne pathogens. To supplement coagulation and filtration, the average system will have to apply sufficient disinfection to reduce viable Giardia levels by 3.1 log 10 . An analysis of existing disinfection practices shows that most systems are already applying disinfectant at a level sufficient to reduce Giardia levels. However, the proposed Disinfectants/Disinfection By‐products (D/DBP) Rule may hamper the ability of water utilities to apply sufficient disinfection under current operating conditions. Careful integration of the D/DBP and the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment rule is encouraged.