1999/12/01 by Susumu Kawamura
Immunology and Microbiology · #Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
paper · doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08752.x
crossref issued 1999/12/01 · crossref published 1999/12/01 · crossref published-online 1999/12/01 · crossref published-print 1999/12/01 · openalex publication_date 1999/12/01 · crossref created 2018/02/22 · crossref deposited 2023/09/24 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/07/25 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/25
Practical observations improve the design and operation of filtration systems. Filtration is the fundamental system in a water treatment process train that removes suspended solids, including microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, and parasite eggs. To constrain costs, the design of any filter should be simple, reliable, proven, easy to build, and easy to operate; and it should require the minimum capital, operation, and maintenance costs while providing maximum operational flexibility. A robust filter design should be based on knowledge, experience, and user feedback. This article provides practical guidance on the design of high‐rate filtration systems.