1998/09/01 by Andrey Geim · 1 voice · 2 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · Physics and Astronomy · #Biofield Effects and Biophysics #Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects #Scientific Research and Discoveries
paper · pdf · doi:10.1063/1.882437
openalex publication_date 1998/09/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/02
If you were to tell a child playing with a horseshoe magnet and pieces of iron that his uncle has a much bigger magnet that can lift everything and everybody, the child would probably believe you and might even ask for a ride on the magnet. If a physicist were present at such a conversation, he or she—armed with knowledge and experience—would probably smile condescendingly. The physicist would know well that only a very few materials—such as iron or nickel—are strongly magnetic, while the rest of the world's materials are not; to be precise, the rest of the world is a billion (109) times less magnetic. This number seems obviously too large to allow common substances (water, for example) to be lifted even by the most powerful magnets; a billionfold increase in magnetic fields can be found only on neutron stars. In this case, however, knowledge and experience would mislead the physicist: In fact, all materials can be lifted by using magnetic fields that are rather standard these days. In principle, even a child can be levitated by a magnet, as we shall see below.