2026/06/15 by Yi Ting Loo, Juliet Chen, Ryan Stuart Harrison +5 · 1 voice
Computer Science · #Cellular Automata and Applications
paper · doi:10.1242/dev.205849
openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex publication_date 2026/06/15 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
The robust patterning of cell fates during embryonic development requires the precise coordination of signalling gradients within defined spatial constraints. Using a geometrically confined in vitro system derived from human embryonic stem cells, we demonstrate that patterning of neuromesodermal progenitors during axial elongation is driven by boundary-dependent mechanisms. Despite extensive work on radial fate patterning in confined 2D systems, the quantitative role of boundary conditions in shaping spatiotemporal dynamics remains unclear. Here, we show that a minimal reaction-diffusion model coupled with a simplified gene regulatory network accurately predicts spatial patterns across diverse geometries. Guided by its predictions, we identify Wnt signalling as a key component of the activator signal. Inhibition of Wnt secretion preserved initiation of patterning but disrupted subsequent morphogenesis, indicating that distinct mechanisms govern pattern establishment versus maintenance. Our findings reveal how geometry encodes positional information that directs molecular patterning, providing insight into how spatial constraints and signalling dynamics guide robust tissue self-organisation during development.