2025/01/01 by Simone Anzà, Michael Heistermann, Julia Ostner +1 · 1 voice
Neuroscience · Psychology · #Stress Responses and Cortisol #Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior #Primate Behavior and Ecology
paper · pdf · doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2418
openalex publication_date 2025/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a dual role in the biology of developmental plasticity in mammals, including humans—HPA axis activity not only provides the input for, but is also a target of, offspring developmental plasticity. To investigate the understudied effects of exposure timing, this study quantified maternal HPA axis activity during each half of gestation as well as during early lactation and assessed its effect on offspring HPA axis activity in a cross-sectional sample of infant, juvenile and adult Assamese macaques ( Macaca assamensis ). To add ecological validity to experimental studies under laboratory conditions, macaques were studied in the wild. Increased maternal faecal glucocorticoid (GC) metabolite levels experienced early in gestation, but not postnatal exposure during lactation were associated with increased offspring HPA axis activity from infancy into adulthood. Building on prior findings, this study indicates that significant timing effects not only influence the presence, magnitude and direction, but also the consistency of maternal GC effects on offspring HPA axis function.