2021/04/29 by Anja Steinbach, Florian Schulz · 1 voice · 2 citations
Social Sciences · #Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics #Social Policy and Reform Studies #Work-Family Balance Challenges
paper · doi:10.1093/sp/jxab017
openalex publication_date 2021/04/29 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/05
Abstract Although German mothers’ labor force participation has increased in recent decades, German men’s participation in domestic labor has not increased proportionally. Thus, mothers still face a “double burden.” We analyzed the total time parents spent on childcare and on various particular activities, such as learning with children, playing with children, basic childcare, talking with children, managing children’s activities, and reading with children. We identified a very slow gender convergence in childcare patterns in Germany over the last two decades. However, as in other Western countries, German parents’ division of childcare remains unequal; mothers do much more routine care and spend more time overall on care than fathers.