2020/01/01 by A.J. Kleinheksel, Nicole Rockich-Winston, Nicole Rockich‐Winston +3 · 10 citations
Medicine · Social Sciences · #Educational Research and Analysis #Evaluation of Teaching Practices #Innovations in Medical Education
paper · pdf · doi:10.5688/ajpe7113
crossref issued 2020/01/01 · crossref published 2020/01/01 · crossref published-print 2020/01/01 · openalex publication_date 2020/01/01 · crossref created 2020/06/26 · crossref deposited 2025/09/12 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · crossref indexed 2026/07/30 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
<b>Objective.</b> In the course of daily teaching responsibilities, pharmacy educators collect rich data that can provide valuable insight into student learning. This article describes the qualitative data analysis method of content analysis, which can be useful to pharmacy educators because of its application in the investigation of a wide variety of data sources, including textual, visual, and audio files. <b>Findings.</b> Both manifest and latent content analysis approaches are described, with several examples used to illustrate the processes. This article also offers insights into the variety of relevant terms and visualizations found in the content analysis literature. Finally, common threats to the reliability and validity of content analysis are discussed, along with suitable strategies to mitigate these risks during analysis. <b>Summary.</b> This review of content analysis as a qualitative data analysis method will provide clarity and actionable instruction for both novice and experienced pharmacy education researchers.