The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

2020/06/25 by Scott C. Doney, D. Shallin Busch, Sarah Cooley +1 · 37 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Environmental Science · #Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies #Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies #Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses

paper · pdf · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019

openalex publication_date 2020/06/25 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/27

Abstract

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture and land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO 2 and inorganic carbon levels; reductions in pH; and alterations in acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, and surface open-ocean waters. On the basis of laboratory experiments and field studies of naturally elevated CO 2 marine environments, widespread biological impacts of human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging from changes in organism physiology and population dynamics to altered communities and ecosystems. Acidification, in conjunction with other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future climate change and further elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels, potentially puts at risk many of the valuable ecosystem services that the ocean provides to society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, and shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding and knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for future research and recognizing the information needs of policymakers and stakeholders.

Citations

• Living in a high CO2 world: a global meta‐analysis shows multiple trait‐mediated fish responses to ocean acidification

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