2004/09/25 by Wenxian Zhang, Su Yi, Li You +1 · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism #Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics #cond-mat.stat-mech
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physreva.70.043611
published as Phys. Rev. A 70, 043611 (2004) · RevTex 4, 9 pages, 5 eps figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. A, vol 70, p1
arxiv created 2004/09/25 · openalex publication_date 2004/10/12 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We investigate Bose-Einstein condensation of trapped spin-1 atoms with ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic two-body contact interactions. We adopt the mean field theory and develop a Hartree-Fock-Popov type approximation in terms of a semiclassical two-fluid model. For antiferromagnetic interactions, our study reveals double condensations as atoms in the \ensuremath|mF=0⟩ state never seem to condense under the constraints of both the conservation of total atom number N and magnetization M. For ferromagnetic interactions, however, triple condensations can occur. Our results can be conveniently understood in terms of the interplay of three factors: (anti)ferromagnetic atom-atom interactions, M conservation, and the miscibilities between and among different condensed components.