2002/07/17 by Takahiro Hatano, David Jou · 1 citation
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Mechanical and Optical Resonators #Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena #cond-mat.stat-mech
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/physreve.67.026121
published as Phys. Rev. E 67, 026121 (2003) · 8 pages
arxiv created 2002/07/17 · openalex publication_date 2003/02/26 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
The meaning of temperature in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is considered by using a forced harmonic oscillator in a heat bath, where we have two effective temperatures for the position and the momentum, respectively. We propose a concrete model of a thermometer to testify the validity of these different temperatures from the operational point of view. It is found that the measured temperature depends on a specific form of interaction between the system and a thermometer, which means that the zeroth law of thermodynamics cannot be immediately extended to nonequilibrium cases.