The human orbitofrontal cortex, vmPFC, and anterior cingulate cortex effective connectome: emotion, memory, and action

2022/02/04 by Edmund T. Rolls, Edmund T Rolls, Gustavo Deco +3 · 135 citations
Neuroscience · Psychology · #Anterior cingulate cortex #Central nervous system #Cingulate cortex #Cognition #Cognitive psychology #Connectome #Cortex (anatomy) #Functional Brain Connectivity Studies #Functional connectivity #Memory and Neural Mechanisms #Neural dynamics and brain function #Neuroscience #Orbitofrontal cortex #Perirhinal cortex #Prefrontal cortex #Psychology #Recognition memory #Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

paper · open access · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac070

published in Cerebral Cortex 33(2), 330-356 (Oxford University Press)

openalex publication_date 2022/02/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06

Abstract

The human orbitofrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex are involved in reward processing and thereby in emotion but are also implicated in episodic memory. To understand these regions better, the effective connectivity between 360 cortical regions and 24 subcortical regions was measured in 172 humans from the Human Connectome Project and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. The orbitofrontal cortex has effective connectivity from gustatory, olfactory, and temporal visual, auditory, and pole cortical areas. The orbitofrontal cortex has connectivity to the pregenual anterior and posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampal system and provides for rewards to be used in memory and navigation to goals. The orbitofrontal and pregenual anterior cortex have connectivity to the supracallosal anterior cingulate cortex, which projects to midcingulate and other premotor cortical areas and provides for action-outcome learning including limb withdrawal or flight or fight to aversive and nonreward stimuli. The lateral orbitofrontal cortex has outputs to language systems in the inferior frontal gyrus. The medial orbitofrontal cortex connects to the nucleus basalis of Meynert and the pregenual cingulate to the septum, and damage to these cortical regions may contribute to memory impairments by disrupting cholinergic influences on the neocortex and hippocampus.

Citations

• The Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus in the Context of Major Depression
• Causal Modelling and Brain Connectivity in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• A non-reward attractor theory of depression
• Reward prediction error
• The orbitofrontal cortex and emotion in health and disease, including depression
• Where is Cingulate Cortex? A Cross-Species View
• Brain stimulation and brain lesions converge on common causal circuits in neuropsychiatric disease
• Understanding the Prefrontal Cortex

Cited by

• Neural correlates of negative aesthetic evaluations in visual art: a neuroimaging meta-analysis
• Face-, color-, and word-specific patches in the human orbitofrontal cortex

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