2026/07/27 by Joe Gurrola
Arts and Humanities · Environmental Science · Social Sciences · #Animal Law and Welfare #Environmental Philosophy and Ethics #Philosophical Ethics and Theory
paper · doi:10.1080/09515089.2026.2708115
openalex publication_date 2026/07/27 · openalex created_date 2026/07/29 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
Humans have freedom, do other animals? This paper argues that they do. Specifically, it advances an account of a kind of freedom which I term animal freedom. Animal freedom is constituted by an agent’s pursuit of the things that matter to them. My account depends on two central considerations. The first is that many things matter to us independently of whether we endorse or consider their importance for our values or projects, because they reflect who we are. The second is that many things matter to other animals in just this way – that is, in a manner that reflects who they are. Since other animals can act in pursuit of the things that matter to them, they have animal freedom. But animal freedom is not restricted to the psychological lives of other animals, nor is it something which is easily contrasted with the way that we think of ourselves as free, such that we can say that ours is the freedom of persons while theirs is the freedom of animals. Instead, much of our own lives is also made up of instances of animal freedom, ones which we would regard as genuinely constituting or realizing our free agency. There is therefore considerable overlap in the free lives of human and other animals. Recognizing this fact stands to enrich our conception of ourselves as free agents, as well as our understanding of the psychological lives of other animals.