2025/06/02 by Waleed Khan, Waris Khan, Shah Hussain +1 · 1 citation
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Engineering · #Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects #Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer
paper · doi:10.1515/zna-2024-0277
openalex publication_date 2025/06/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Abstract Nowadays graphene is emerging as one of the most exciting nanomaterial due to its continuous 29 electrically conducting behavior even at zero carrier concentration. With this initiative, we investigate the flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) water, water-30%EG, water-50%EG based graphene nanofluid over a stretching surface with Thermal convection, velocity slips, and zero mass flux conditions containing gyrotactic microorganisms and nanoparticles. Thermal radiation and Arrhenius activation energy have also be under consideration. The governing fluid equations are solved by Homotopy analysis method (HAM) and computed numerically with shooting technique after employing appropriate transformations. The consequence of numerous physical parameters of velocity, concentration, temperature, and density of motile microorganism’s graphs as well as table is used for ethylene glycol based and water-based graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, perform an attentive numerical analysis of the local skin friction, Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and motile microorganisms’ density. It is observed that the improvement of the nonlinear convection variable due to temperature and heat generation variable improves the wall friction. It is found that the fluid velocity decreases as the magnetic field increases, conversely, the concentration and temperature of the fluid increases. Where the first and third-order slip parameters decrease the velocity of fluid, while the second-order slip parameter increases the velocity of fluid. Moreover, increasing the reaction rate parameters, the concentration of nanoparticle decreases, while a slight increase in E was observed with an increasing activation energy parameter. It is also found that raising the nanoparticle’s volume fraction efficiently boosts the thermal conductivity of water-50%EG when equated with water-30%EG and water nanofluids. Water-based nanofluids take more time to process as compared to ethylene glycol-based graphene nanofluids.