2026/07/26 by Siddique Abubakr Muntaka, Jacques Bou Abdo, Liaquat Hossain
#cs.CR
The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network underpinning secure and adversarial communications with major implications for cybersecurity and national security. Its global topology emerges from thousands of independent peer-selection decisions, producing a hub-dominated, complex structure that resists external observation. Prior models based on protocol documentation failed to capture real-world behavior. We close this gap with an Extended Mathematical Model (EMM) derived from production code and validated on a six-router, geographically distributed testbed over thirty days. Results reveal limited router visibility (~25% of nodes), relativistic tier allocations, strong Fast-tier tunnel preference, and overrepresented High Capacity-tier exploratory tunnels. The model accurately predicts emergent topological asymmetries and defines the adversarial resources required to compromise privacy, providing a principled foundation for cyber deterrence and secure decentralized network design.