2025/07/15 by Ashish Sheera, Nashra Aftab, Jatin Tanwar +7
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · #Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects #Agricultural Science and Fertilization #Phytase and its Applications
paper · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108009
Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), a cornerstone of global food security, provides approximately 20 % of the world’s dietary calories and protein. However, its role as a staple often fails to address widespread micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). With nearly 2 billion people suffering from hidden hunger—manifesting as anemia, impaired immunity, and stunted growth—biofortification offers a sustainable solution to enhance wheat’s nutritional quality. This review critically evaluates advancements in biofortification strategies to increase Zn and Fe content in wheat grains, focusing on genetic, agronomic, and biotechnological approaches. Genetic biofortification involves conventional breeding, marker-assisted selection, and genetic modification to develop nutrient-rich varieties, while agronomic methods such as foliar application improve micronutrient uptake. Mechanisms like ZIP and YSL transporters and storage in ferritin and vacuoles are explored for their roles in bioavailability. The review highlights successful biofortified varieties in India, such as HPBW-01, with high Zn and Fe levels, and their potential to improve health outcomes. Despite promise, biofortification faces challenges including high development costs, consumer acceptance, and limited market access. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger), wheat biofortification is a cost-effective, scalable strategy to combat micronutrient malnutrition and promote food security.