2002/06/01 by Ji-Xin Cheng, Ji‐Xin Cheng, Andreas Volkmer +1 · 3 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Materials Science · #Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques #Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications #Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
paper · doi:10.1364/josab.19.001363
openalex publication_date 2002/06/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We present a systematic characterization of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. CARS signal generation in a heterogeneous sample under a tight-focusing condition is formulated by the Green’s function method. The CARS radiation pattern and the forward- and backward-detected CARS signals from a three-dimensional Raman scatterer are calculated. The coherent nature of CARS image formation and its consequences for image contrast and spatial resolution are investigated. Experimental implementations of CARS microscopy with collinearly copropagating and counterpropagating excitation beams, forward and backward data collection, and polarization-sensitive detection are described. Finally, CARS images of unstained live cells with forward detection, epidetection, and polarization-sensitive detection are presented and compared.