2025/01/01 by Yuko FUJIOKA, Yūko Fujioka, Nobuo N. Noda +1 · 1 citation
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Autophagy in Disease and Therapy #Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism #Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
paper · pdf · doi:10.2183/pjab.101.005
openalex publication_date 2025/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
The formation of autophagosomes is a pivotal step in autophagy, a lysosomal degradation system that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. After autophagy induction, phase separation of the autophagy-related (Atg) 1 complex occurs, facilitating the gathering of Atg proteins and organizes the autophagosome formation site, where the initial isolation membrane (IM)/phagophore is generated. The IM then expands after receiving phospholipids from endomembranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is driven by the collaboration of lipid transfer (Atg2) and scrambling (Atg9) proteins. The IM assumes a cup shaped morphology and undergoes closure, resulting in the formation of a double membrane-bound autophagosome. The Atg8 lipidation system is hypothesized to be a pivotal factor in this process. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of these processes and discusses the basic mechanisms of autophagosome formation.