Assessing “Neighborhood Effects”: Social Processes and New Directions in Research

2002/07/28 by Robert J. Sampson, Jeffrey D. Morenoff, Thomas Gannon-Rowley · 64 citations
Social Sciences · Health Professions · #Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies #Homelessness and Social Issues #Crime Patterns and Interventions

paper · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141114

Abstract

▪ Abstract This paper assesses and synthesizes the cumulative results of a new “neighborhood-effects” literature that examines social processes related to problem behaviors and health-related outcomes. Our review identified over 40 relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from the mid-1990s to 2001, the take-off point for an increasing level of interest in neighborhood effects. Moving beyond traditional characteristics such as concentrated poverty, we evaluate the salience of social-interactional and institutional mechanisms hypothesized to account for neighborhood-level variations in a variety of phenomena (e.g., delinquency, violence, depression, high-risk behavior), especially among adolescents. We highlight neighborhood ties, social control, mutual trust, institutional resources, disorder, and routine activity patterns. We also discuss a set of thorny methodological problems that plague the study of neighborhood effects, with special attention to selection bias. We conclude with promising strategies and directions for future research, including experimental designs, taking spatial and temporal dynamics seriously, systematic observational approaches, and benchmark data on neighborhood social processes.

Citations

• SOCIAL TIES AND CRIME: IS THE RELATIONSHIP GENDERED?*
• Sexual Risk Behavior among Youth: Modeling the Influence of Prosocial Activities and Socioeconomic Factors
• Neighborhood and Family Contexts of Adolescent Sexual Activity
• The Strength of Weak Ties
• Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem
• SOCIAL INTERACTION AND COMMUNITY CRIME: EXAMINING THE IMPORTANCE OF NEIGHBOR NETWORKS
• Systematic Social Observation of Public Spaces: A New Look at Disorder in Urban Neighborhoods

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