2026/03/25 by Xinyao Li, Ralph Nanan, Anthony Liu +1
Medicine · #Gestational Diabetes Research and Management #Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies #Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
paper · doi:10.1111/ajo.70114
BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a health concern with growing prevalence internationally. A limited number of studies have explored the differences in neonatal and obstetric outcomes between various GDM treatment groups with conflicting results. AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in newborn birth parameters, obstetric and neonatal outcomes between mothers with diet-treated and insulin-treated GDM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Neonatal outcomes and birth parameters from 4188 women and obstetric outcomes from 2356 women were divided into diet-only and insulin treated groups and analysed for differences. RESULTS: Most neonatal and obstetric outcomes were similar between the groups, except for large for gestational age (LGA) neonates (17% vs. 10%, p < 0.001), macrosomia (11% vs. 10%, p < 0.1), neonatal hypoglycaemia (18% vs. 14%, p < 0.01) and gestational age (39.0 vs. 38.6 weeks, p < 0.001), which were higher in the insulin group. Insulin-treated GDM is a positive predictor for birth head circumference (β = 0.3, p < 0.001), length (β = 0.5, p < 0.001), weight (β = 103.3, p < 0.001), LGA (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.4-2.0], p < 0.001) and macrosomia (OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.1-1.8], p < 0.01) but a negative predictor for gestational age (β = -0.3, p < 0.001) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (OR 0.8 [95% CI 0.7-0.9], p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin-treated GDM was a positive predictor of birth parameters, LGA, and macrosomia. Further studies may compare the outcomes against various treatment selection criteria to evaluate the adequacy of current treatment guidelines.