Exclusionary vs. Inclusionary Populism: Comparing Contemporary Europe and Latin America
2012/12/17 by Cas Mudde, Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser · 1,312 citations
Social Sciences · #Ideology #Latin American studies #Latin Americans #Law #Political economy #Political science #Politics #Politics and Society in Latin America #Populism #Populism, Right-Wing Movements #Social Media and Politics #Sociology
paper · pdf · doi:10.1017/gov.2012.11
published in Government and Opposition 48(2), 147-174 (Cambridge University Press)
openalex publication_date 2012/12/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/02
Abstract
Although there is a lively academic debate about contemporary populism in Europe and Latin America, almost no cross-regional research exists on this topic. This article aims to fill this gap by showing that a minimal and ideological definition of populism permits us to analyse current expressions of populism in both regions. Moreover, based on a comparison of four prototypical cases (FN/Le Pen and FPÖ/Haider in Europe and PSUV/Chávez and MAS/Morales in Latin America), we show that it is possible to identify two regional subtypes of populism: exclusionary populism in Europe and inclusionary populism in Latin America.
Citations
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