1992/01/01 by Pallob Barai, Jie Chen, Ana María Aldanondo Ochoa
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Business, Management and Accounting · Social Sciences · #Global trade, sustainability, and social impact #Legal and Labor Studies #RNA Research and Splicing #RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms #RNA modifications and cancer #Regional Development and Innovation
paper · pdf · doi:10.1042/bst20230506
openalex publication_date 1992/01/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/04/28
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) play an indispensable role in the translation of mRNAs into proteins. It has become amply clear that AARSs also have non-canonical or non-translational, yet essential, functions in a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. In this mini-review we discuss the current understanding of the roles of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) beyond protein synthesis and the underlying mechanisms. The two proteins in eukaryotes - cytoplasmic TARS1 and mitochondrial TARS2 - exert their non-canonical functions in the regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, and tumorigenesis. The TARS proteins utilize a range of biochemical mechanisms, including assembly of a translation initiation complex, unexpected protein-protein interactions that lead to activation or inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways, and cytokine-like signaling through cell surface receptors in inflammation and angiogenesis. It is likely that new functions and novel mechanisms will continue to emerge for these multi-talented proteins.